How an Electric Car Works? Its Parts & Functions [Explained]

Electric cars plug into a charge point and take electricity from the grid. They store electricity in a rechargeable battery that powers an electric motor, which spins the wheels. Electric cars run faster than vehicles with conventional fuel engines – so they feel lighter to drive.

The electric motor receives energy from a controller, which controls the amount of power based on the driver’s use of the accelerator pedal. Electric cars (also known as electric vehicles or EVs) use energy stored in their rechargeable batteries, which are recharged by common household electricity.

Main components of an Electric car:
1) Traction Battery Pack: An electric-vehicle battery (also known as a traction battery) is used to power an electric vehicle’s motors. These batteries are usually rechargeable (secondary) and are usually lithium-ion batteries.

2) Power Inverter: An inverter converts DC electricity from sources such as batteries or fuel cells into AC electricity. Power can be at any required voltage; Specifically, it can operate AC equipment designed for mains operation or can be rectified to produce DC at the desired voltage.

3) Electric Motor: The DC motor works because, simply put, when a current is passed through the motor circuit, there is a reaction between the current in the field and the current in the armature, which causes the armature to turn. The armature and the field are connected in series, and the whole motor is referred to as a “series wound.”

4) Controller: The controller’s main function is to regulate electrical energy from batteries and inverters that will be distributed to electric motors. The main input to the controller is from the car’s pedal. This pedal setting will determine the frequency variation or voltage variation that will enter the motor and, at the same time, determine the speed of the car.

5) DC/DC Converter: This is one of the electric car parts that convert high-voltage DC power from the traction battery pack to low-voltage DC power to drive the vehicle’s accessories and recharge the auxiliary battery. Necessary for.

6) Charging port: The charge port allows the vehicle to be connected to an external power supply to charge the traction battery pack.
 
Credit to : The Engineers Post